In fact, the superbug is now resistant to many penicillin-like antibiotics, including amoxicillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin and all others in the beta-lactam class of antibiotics. Staph infections on the skin typically start off as small red bumps but can turn into large abscesses that need to be surgically drained, according to the Mayo Clinic. More serious infections with the bacteria can occur throughout the body, including the blood, heart and bones.
Such infections can be deadly. Also known as whooping cough , pertussis is a bacterial infection of the respiratory tract caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. As its name suggests, the telltale symptom of whooping cough is severe coughing. Pertussis is particularly dangerous for babies, who can experience apnea, or pauses in breathing, as a result of the prolonged coughing fits brought about by the disease, according to the CDC.
About 50 percent of infants who become sick with whooping cough need to be hospitalized, and 25 percent of those who are hospitalized develop lung infections, according to the CDC. Most people who died from whooping cough 87 percent between and were babies less than 3 months old. The best way to prevent pertussis is to get vaccinated, according to the CDC. There are two vaccines for whooping cough, one for children younger than 7, called DTap, and one for older children, teens and adults, called Tdap.
The same vaccine that defends against pertussis Tdap can also protect you from tetanus , an infection caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani. Once in the body, C. The neck and jaw are usually the first parts of the body affected by the disease, leading to tetanus' other name, "lockjaw. The bacteria that cause tetanus enter through the skin but live in dirt or soil as well as stuff lying around in the dirt, like rusty nails and on the intestines of animals and people.
Meningitis refers to inflammation of the meninges, or the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. This infectious disease can be caused by a number of things, including fungi, viruses and bacteria. Bacterial and viral meningitis are the most common types and can be spread from person to person. Whereas bacterial meningitis is often spread through kissing, viral meningitis is typically spread when someone comes into contact with the feces of an infected person i.
Some people get meningitis after suffering a head injury, having brain surgery or having certain kinds of cancer. This type of meningitis is not contagious, nor is fungal meningitis, which was responsible for a meningitis outbreak in the U. Some people with meningitis develop meningococcal disease, which is caused by the bacteria Neisseria meningitides. The disease causes flu-like symptoms, as well as nausea, vomiting, increased sensitivity to light and an abnormal or confused mental state, according to the CDC.
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that is easily treated but can lead to serious complications if neglected. In the first stage of the disease, sores may appear on a person's genitals or anus. Usually these sores are small and painless, and they heal on their own, leading many people to simply overlook them or confuse them with ingrown hairs or blemishes.
The second stage of the disease is more noticeable and usually begins with a rash on one or more parts of the body. Sometimes these rashes can be very faint, and since they don't itch, people infected with the disease might not know they have it. Others may develop more severe symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph glands and muscle aches.
If syphilis is left untreated throughout the first and second stages of the illness, it can cause much more severe problems later on, according to the CDC. Some people don't develop symptoms of the late stage of syphilis until 10 to 30 years after they contract the disease. Late-stage symptoms include difficulty coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness, blindness and dementia.
The disease can also damage internal organs, which may result in death. Severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, is the virus behind the and pandemic that killed more than people worldwide.
A contagious, chronic disease, leprosy is caused by a bacterium known as Mycobacterium leprae. Also called Hansen's disease, after the Norwegian doctor who found the responsible bacterium, leprosy affects the skin, peripheral nerves, upper respiratory tract and eyes.
If left untreated, it can cause muscle weakness, disfigurement and permanent nerve damage, according to the WHO. People with leprosy used to be quarantined to prevent the spread of the disease, but as doctors now know, the condition is not highly contagious. The disease is transmitted through droplets expelled when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Simply touching a person with leprosy will usually not cause infection, and a healthy person's immune system can typically ward of infection with the bacteria that cause the disease, according to the U.
National Library of Medicine. However, children are at greater risk of contracting leprosy than adults. One of the most contagious of all infectious diseases, measles also called rubeola causes a characteristic red rash on the skin.
Other symptoms of this viral disease are similar to that of the common cold. Measles is so contagious that 90 percent of the people who simply stand near someone with the virus will become infected, according to the CDC.
Luckily, there's an easy way to defend yourself against the measles virus: Get vaccinated. Out of every 1, people vaccinated against measles, will never get the disease. First identified in Africa in , Zika virus is a flavivirus spread by mosquitoes in the Aedes genus. While the disease caused by Zika virus isn't particularly dangerous for most people, it can cause serious complications for fetuses and newborns.
Only one in five people infected with the virus becomes ill, according to the CDC. Those who do become ill may have a fever, rash, joint pain and conjunctivitis pink eye , but these symptoms are typically mild and last only a few days.
However, serious birth defects, particularly microcephaly , have been linked to the Zika virus, and the virus can also cause miscarriage in pregnant women, according to the Pan American Health Organization. Originally published on Live Science.
Live Science. See all comments 0. Antiviral medications can help keep it in check and reduce the risk of transmission. Here, members of a fraternity at the University of the Philippines in Manila participate in a nude run to promote sex education in the country.
Cysticercosis is a parasitic tissue infection caused by tapeworm larvae. The disease is spread through contact with waste from an infected person.
Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children. There is a vaccine available worldwide. This bacteria can cause many kinds of illnesses, from ear infections to blood infections , but it does not cause the flu, despite the name.
Cholera, an infection that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration, is very rare in the developed world. It is almost always fatal if left untreated. There was an outbreak of cholera in Democratic Republic of Congo in January This bacterial infection is often spread through contaminated food and drinking water. In refugee camps like this one in Syria, rain can flood waste pits and contaminate the drinking water supply. This dangerous form of E.
This disease, most commonly seen in northeast Africa, is spread by lice and results in high fever, chills and joint pain , among other symptoms. Though extremely rare in the developed world, approximately 1 million people contract this blood infection annually. Also known as leptospirosis , it's spread through contact with animal urine — often in water or soil. This mosquito-borne illness got its name from the jaundiced skin, hair and nails of infected people suffering from liver failure.
In , there was an epidemic of yellow fever in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Parks like this one were closed to prevent further infection. This tick-borne bacterial disease is not limited to the Rocky Mountains; it occurs in many states and most commonly reported in North Carolina, Tennessee, Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma. Symptoms include fever, body aches and a spotted rash. Adults rarely die from this mosquito-transmitted disease.
There have been no reported mosquito-born cases of Zika in the United States since That year, seven people were infected by mosquitoes in the U. In the 14th and 15th centuries, around half of Europe's population was wiped out by this contagious bacterial infection.
While modern medicine has driven the plague's mortality rate down significantly, outbreaks of plague still happen. In , the World Health Organization warned of an outbreak in Madagascar. In the 14th century, doctors sometimes wore long trench coats and beak masks filled with aromatic substances like herbs, spices or onions.
This costume was thought to protect the doctors from infection. Treatments for the plague in the Middle Ages included everything from drinking urine to eating the heart of a stag. Diphtheria is a contagious respiratory infection spread by bacteria in a cough or a sneeze. It is particularly dangerous to children. In Indonesia, where outbreaks are common, these students waited nervously before receiving diphtheria vaccinations in October Botulism infections are rare, but potentially fatal.
Bacteria enter the body through improperly processed foods or through an open wound and produce a dangerous neurotoxin. Legionnaires disease is an atypical pneumonia spread by inhaling mist from bacteria-ridden water. An outbreak killed at least 12 people in Flint in and Scientists allege that low chlorine levels in the city's municipal water supply were to blame. This illness became a household name in when letters containing anthrax spores were mailed to news media and to two U.
Five people died. The most common way anthrax is spread, however, is through contact with infected animals or animal products. In , at least ten buffalo died from an outbreak in Kenya. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , or SARS, is a strain of coronavirus that reached epidemic levels in , infecting more than 8, people in 29 countries and killing The monkeypox virus is most often spread through contact with the bodily fluids of an infected animal, though human-to-human transmission is possible.
It occurs most often in rainforests of Central and West Africa. People suffering from the virus will experience fever and swollen lymph nodes followed by a rash that concentrates on the face and extremities. Toxic shock is a dangerous bacterial infection most commonly associated with the use of tampons, but it also occurs in other settings such as post-surgical infections, burns and catheters.
The disorder causes the immune system to attack the nervous system. Scientists have linked cases to the presence of other pathogens like the Zika virus and influenza. Fun fact: That old story that tetanus is caused by stepping on rusty nails is not altogether accurate. Rust does not cause tetanus. A person with chickenpox may have a lot of blisters—as many as all over their body.
Chickenpox can be serious and even life-threatening, especially in babies, adults, and people with weakened immune systems. Even healthy children can get really sick. Vaccinating kids at an early age is especially important to keep your children healthy. Doctors recommend that your child get two chickenpox shots. Most of us only know diphtheria as an obscure disease from long ago, thanks to the diphtheria vaccine babies get. This vaccine, called DTaP, provides protection against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis whooping cough.
While preventable, diphtheria does still exist. It can cause a thick covering in the back of the nose or throat that makes it hard to breathe or swallow. Diphtheria can also lead to heart failure, paralysis, and even death. Make sure to vaccinate to help keep this dangerous infection from your kids. Skip directly to site content Skip directly to page options Skip directly to A-Z link.
Vaccines for Your Children. Section Navigation. Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Syndicate. Minus Related Pages. Vaccination protects against these 14 diseases, which used to be prevalent in the United States. Polio Polio is a crippling and potentially deadly infectious disease that is caused by poliovirus. Your child will need one dose at each of the following ages: months 4 months months years. Tetanus Tetanus causes painful muscle stiffness and lockjaw and can be fatal. Your child will need one dose at each of the following ages: months 4 months 6 months months years.
The Flu Influenza Flu is a respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus that infects the nose, throat, and lungs. Hepatitis B Did you know that worldwide more than , people per year die from complications to Hepatitis B? Typically, your child will need one dose at each of the following ages: shortly after birth months 6 months.
Hepatitis A The Hepatitis A vaccine was developed in and since then has cut the number of cases dramatically in the United States. Your child will need one dose at each of the following ages: months 6 months after last dose. Rubella Rubella is spread by coughing and sneezing. Your child should get one dose at each of the following ages: months years. Your child will need one dose at each of the following ages: months 4 months 6 months for some brands months.
Measles Did you know your child can get measles just by being in a room where a person with measles has been, even up to two hours after that person has left?
Your child will need one dose at each of the following ages: months years Infants 6 to 11 months old should have one dose of the MMR shot before traveling abroad. Whooping Cough Pertussis Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a highly contagious disease that can be deadly for babies. Pneumococcal Disease This disease is caused by bacteria called Streptococcus pneumoniae. One dose at each of the following ages: months 4 months 6 months months.
Rotavirus Rotavirus is contagious and can cause severe watery diarrhea, often with vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain, mostly in infants and young children.
Mumps Mumps is best known for causing puffy cheeks and a swollen jaw. Doctors recommend that your child get two doses of the MMR shot Your child will need one dose at each of the following ages: months years. Chickenpox Chickenpox is a disease that causes an itchy rash of blisters and a fever. Your child will need one dose at each of the following ages: months years.
Diphtheria Most of us only know diphtheria as an obscure disease from long ago, thanks to the diphtheria vaccine babies get. Top of Page.
0コメント