Thyroid hormones are required for normal growth and development of tissues and maturation of our bodies. Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of intellectual disability in the world; obtaining iodine through the food supply is therefore paramount. Iodine deficiency has re-emerged in Australia with the introduction of new practices of sanitisation in the dairy industry and a decline in use and consumption of iodised salt.
Other symptoms may include dry skin, fatigue and hair loss. This syndrome is characterised by impaired neurological function, physical deformities and stunted growth. Not only is this salmon and soba noodle recipe quick and easy, it can help meet your iodine requirements and it tastes great! Pregnant and breast-feeding women may require iodine supplementation, though consultation with a doctor is recommended before commencing any supplementation program.
Sources of iodine include seafood, iodised table salt and bread. Marine foods, including fish e. The iodine content of plants and vegetables is dependent on the environment and soil in which they are grown. Historically, dairy foods contained high levels of iodine due to the sanitisers used in dairy processing which contained iodophors.
Some people also prefer the stronger taste of sea salt. Although people may perceive sea salt to be better for health, it has the same sodium content as table salt. Some people believe that sea salt has less sodium than table salt, but this is a misconception.
A teaspoon of table salt has 2, milligrams mg of sodium. The crystals of sea salt are larger, so fewer crystals can fit in 1 teaspoon. Since less sea salt can fit in the same volume, people may believe sea salt has less sodium than table salt. Sodium is essential for good health, so people should not eliminate it entirely from their diet.
The sodium in salt helps to control blood pressure and is necessary for nerve and muscle function. People need to eat salt for normal cell function and to maintain the acid balance of the blood. Table salt contains iodine, which is another essential nutrient. People with iodine deficiency can develop goiter and a range of other symptoms.
Learn about the signs and symptoms of an iodine deficiency here. A lack of iodine can also cause poor growth and cognitive disorders in children. Iodine deficiencies are rare in the United States, since many products, including table salt, contain added iodine. However, the risk of low iodine may be higher in Europe and other regions of the world and in people who do not eat dairy, baked goods, or table salt.
As this article stated earlier, although sea salt does not have iodine, it naturally contains magnesium, calcium, potassium, and other nutrients. The amount of these minerals found in sea salt are minimal, and people can get them in more significant amounts from other healthful foods.
Too much salt can contribute to several health conditions, including:. According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the average amount of sodium in the American diet is about 3, mg per day , which is much too high.
A descriptive cross-sectional study used qualitative and quantitative procedures of data gathering to collect data in the study area to determine iodine levels in salt and knowledge level of the people responsible for house food preparations in iodized salt and the factors influencing its use in the municipality. With the doubt around the accurate occurrence of iodized salt intake owing to a cluster design, a design effect of 1.
A multistage sampling technique was used to select the study participants for the study. Initially, the study area was divided into seven clusters. For each stratum, the list of all communities was obtained and unique numbers were assigned to them, after which two communities were randomly selected. Then, based on the population for each selected community, proportionate distribution was done to the assigned sample size. Also, when the selected communities were entered, the centre of the community was located using a community mapping system.
After identification of the centre of the community, north, south, east, and west were written on four pieces of paper and balloting was done to select a direction to start data collection in the community; after the direction has been selected, the data collectors moved in that direction and entered the first house facing the selected direction, and after the first house, every order two houses were entered to collect data until the allocated sample size for each community was obtained.
In houses where there was more than one household, balloting of yes and no was performed to select one household. Also, in households where there was more than one qualified woman, again balloting of yes and no was performed to select one for data collection, and a sample of household salt was requested for the iodine test. The study used a one-on-one interview technique and collection of a small sample of salt for iodine to collect study data.
A small sample of household salt was obtained from each respondent and Rapid Field Iodine Test Kits was used to test the Iodine content of the salt following the testing procedure provided by the test kit manufacturer as adding two drops of the test solution to each sample. After adding the solution to the salt, the salt was expected to produce light or deep violet colour within a minute depending on the iodine content of the salt. The colour of the salt was then compared with the colour chart provided by the manufacturer to determine the iodine content.
The recheck solution is able to lower the pH in salts with high alkalinity and thus increased the likelihood of detecting slight changes in iodine. So, when no colour appears after a minute, a fresh sample was collected and 5 drops of the recheck solution and 2 drops of test solution were added to the salt as in the user instruction. If no colour appears after the second procedure, then it was concluded and assumed that the salt does not contain iodine. Also, knowledge of iodine was determined through a list of responses regarding the benefits of iodized salt and the effects of deficiencies of iodine.
Participant involvement in the study was intentional, and their assent and consent were sought before they were allowed to participate in the study, and before collecting data from the selected communities, approval was sought from the chiefs and elders from all the communities and the Municipal Health Directorate in the study area.
And finally, the required ethical procedures concerning the use of human beings in scientific studies were followed and were reviewed and ratified by the Ethical Review Committee of the University of Health and Allied Sciences in Ghana with protocol proof of identity number UHAS-REC A. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS version 20 software was used to analyze data, and standard deviation, mean, frequencies, and proportions to define the population were presented in charts and tables.
Relations between the dependent and independent variables were analyzed using the chi-squared test and logistic regression analytical tools. Statistically, a value of less than 0. A total of women who were responsible for their household meal preparations were interviewed with almost half As high as More than half Majority Islamic religion Generally, only The principal source of information on iodized salt among household members was from health workers The study revealed significant associations between household knowledge on iodized salt and educational level , occupation , religion , and ethnicity.
To further scrutinize the power of the associations, multiple logistic analysis was performed to check associations between household good knowledge on iodized salt and the descriptive variables, and this confirmed the associations between good knowledge on iodized salt and basic education OR 2. The multiple logistic regressions also showed associations between good knowledge on iodized salt and formal job OR 5. The associations showed that those with basic, secondary, and tertiary education were about 2.
In addition, when variables that were having associations with good knowledge on iodized salt from bivariate analysis were alone tested for strength of associations, the following was further confirmed: for those with basic education AOR 2. This also indicated that having basic, secondary, and tertiary education was about 2. The study revealed significant associations between the use of iodized salt adequate iodine and educational level , occupation , religion , ethnicity , and knowledge on iodized salt.
To further explore the strength of associations, multiple logistic analysis was done to confirm associations between the use of iodized salt and the explanatory variables, and this confirmed the associations between use of iodized salt and secondary education OR 2.
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