Dark yellow urine can be normal, but it might mean you need more fluids. When your urine appears as a darker shade of yellow, or even brown, it could be a sign that you have low urine volume.
Low urine volume may come from dehydration loss of body fluids from hard exercise, working or living in a hot place, or not drinking enough fluids. When urine volume is low, urine is concentrated and dark in color. A major risk factor for kidney stones is constant low urine volume. Amber or honey colored urine may also mean you aren't drinking enough water. Did you know some foods can change your urine color? For example, beets, blackberries and rhubarb can turn your urine red or pink.
Blood in the urine, known as hematuria, is a possible cause of red urine. See a doctor about red urine, as hematuria can be serious.
Hemoglobinuria, a blood condition, can also cause red urine, as can myoglobinuria, which involves a waste product of the breakdown of muscles. Porphyria is a rare metabolic disorder. Medical journals often publish case reports, such as this study of an unusual instance of green urine. The authors cited ulcerative colitis, a bowel condition, as the cause of the green color.
The authors wrote that the gut lining was absorbing green food coloring that it would normally filter out. Urine can indicate changes in the body through its smell, clarity, and translucency as well as color. Cloudy urine can signal a number of possible problems. For women, it could be a result of vaginal discharge. Infection can also cause white or milky-looking urine. Excessive levels of certain minerals, such as calcium , can cause white urine, as well as too much protein in the urine.
Kidney problems and excess protein can also make the urine foamy. Temporary foaminess is usually a result of an unsteady urine flow. If cloudiness in the urine lasts for more than a few days, a doctor should investigate the cause. Many of the changes in urine color are temporary or reversible following a change in diet or medication. Most changes are harmless. Seek medical help whenever dehydration is caused by illness, or if the person is unable to take in fluids.
This is especially important if there is no explanation for the dehydration, or it is severe. A clear indicator for seeking medical help is red-colored urine. However, a rare genetic disease involving hypercalcemia can turn your urine blue or green. Ditto for certain bacteria that can infect the urinary tract.
Urinary tract infections and kidney stones can cause urine to become cloudy. Once again, too, dehydration also could be the culprit. The explanation here could just be basic hydraulics, says Dr.
However, foaming or fizzing also could indicate excess protein in your diet or a kidney problem. See a doctor if this happens consistently. You can tell a lot just from looking at your urine. But medical professionals can tell a lot more from doing the kind of sophisticated analysis that comes with a urine test during a regular physical examination.
Diet can also be a factor. The color of all-natural foods such as berries and beets can interact with pigment to create a different color. Heavily processed foods can contain high amounts of food dye. This dye will interact with the pigment as well.
B vitamins, such as riboflavin B-2 and cobalamin B , are also known for causing fluorescent yellow-green urine. If you take supplements or multivitamins , they may be the source of your brightly colored urine.
Meal replacement shakes , which are also fortified with B vitamins, can have the same effect. Beta carotene, which is converted to vitamin A in the body, is found in yellow and orange foods such as carrots and sweet potatoes. In addition to citrus fruits, vitamin C is also found in foods such as tomatoes , strawberries , and broccoli. Extreme exercise without proper hydration can cause a serious condition that leads to muscle breakdown.
This can cause severe muscle pain along with cola- or tea-colored urine. If this occurs, you should seek immediate medical attention. Over-the-counter and prescription medications can also make your urine bright or more vivid. This includes antibiotics, laxatives , and certain chemotherapy drugs used to treat cancer.
For example, the medication phenazopyridine Pyridium is commonly used to treat the discomfort associated with urinary tract infections UTIs.
A common side effect of its usage is orange-colored urine. Changes in the color of your urine could be a sign of troubles with your kidney , liver , or bladder function. If your urine becomes cloudy or develops a strong odor , you may have a bladder or kidney infection. Anecdotal evidence suggests that bright-yellow urine may be an early symptom of pregnancy.
However, there are no studies to support these claims. Your age and your sex may raise your risk for conditions that can affect the color of your urine. For example, tumors in the kidney or bladder are common in older adults.
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