Rule to Remember Parentheses are used to explain the statement or provide explanatory information in the sentence. Correcting the Problem The two sentences above require the use of parentheses to enclose additional or explanatory information in the sentence.
Correct: The teacher told us what a great reminder! Parentheses usually indicate a full interruption in thought. Correct: He wanted to go home, but couldn't too much to do. For instance: Correct: What part s do you want? Rule to Remember Parentheses are used to introduce abbreviations, in figure captions and with numbers of items in lists. Correct: The cat, which had orange and grey markings, nuzzled her leg.
Correct: Two steps are needed to complete our project: 1 decide on a website design and 2 choose the hosting service. Correct: Figure 2 shows two samples: a sample after cooling and 2 sample taken in normal temperatures.
Dashes Dashes -- are primarily used to indicate a pause in thought which offers more detail or emphasizes a point of information. Correct: I wish I in was Georgia -- Atlanta, that is. Correct: I had these books -- by Tolkien, Bear, and Herbert -- renewed because they were overdue. Rule to Remember Dashes indicate a pause in thought which offers more detail or emphasizes a point of information. Brackets Brackets [ ] have very specific uses in formal writing; they are used either to insert commentary, missing words, or ellipses within direct quotes.
Correct: Jones states, "Only five [people out of the original group] were left alive after Stalin's purges. Similarly: The word sic in brackets, meaning, "thus in the original," can also be used to indicate errors in the original text, though [sic] is much less frequently used than it once was in the past. When used in this way, the bracketed information should be an addition, not a substitution. In professional and academic writing, it is better to follow it.
If a quotation includes a foreign word or phrase that might not be understood, provide a translation in brackets. Use parentheses for translations of unquoted material.
In most contexts, it is acceptable to silently change the first letter of quoted material from uppercase to lowercase, or vice versa. In certain contexts, such changes must be indicated with brackets. If you have ever written an academic paper, then you have undoubtedly used curved brackets for your in-text citations. These citations usually occur at the end of a sentence and provide the reader with the source of the information that the author used in the sentence.
You will often see these in academic journals, for example: "It has been said that the origin of the spoon dates back to the Middle Paleolithic, when man began using the hollowed out shells of small turtles to sip water Ferreira, Incorrect: I went to the mall yesterday.
Since the information in the parentheses is part of the sentence, it must be placed inside the period. Using brackets—whether in a business plan or a short story—can be an effective way to include extra information in a sentence.
Although they can be useful, try not to use brackets excessively or the clarity of your writing will suffer. If you're struggling with the use of brackets, then send your document to our academic editors. English is not my first language. I need English editing and proofreading so that I sound like a native speaker. I need to have my journal article, dissertation, or term paper edited and proofread, or I need help with an admissions essay or proposal.
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